T vs D

ten vs den: hear and say the difference

ten and den are identical except for one sound: ten has the t sound, /t/, and den has the d sound, /d/. Same tongue tip on the same ridge: T releases with a puff and no voice, D keeps the hum going straight into the vowel.

Listen

The two words

ten

/ten/

the t sound

den

/den/

the d sound
Articulation

The difference

What actually changes

Same tongue tip on the same ridge: T releases with a puff and no voice, D keeps the hum going straight into the vowel.

ten — /t/

In the mouth
Lips
Neutral and slightly apart.
Tongue
Tip up against the bumpy ridge behind the top teeth, sides sealed.
Jaw
Slightly open and still.
Tongue and lips

den — /d/

In the mouth
Lips
Neutral, slightly apart.
Tongue
Tip on the ridge behind the top teeth, sides sealed.
Jaw
Slightly open.
Tongue and lips
In context

Each word in a sentence

  • ten

    We leave at ten.

  • den

    The cubs stayed in the den.

Who merges this

Why this pair is hard

German, Russian and Turkish devoice a final consonant, so 'bad' ends like 'bat'. Spanish, French and Italian have an unaspirated dental t, so an initial T can be heard as D. Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean have no voiced stops, so the contrast has to be rebuilt on the hum.

Questions

Straight answers

What is the difference between "ten" and "den"?

One sound. ten is /ten/ and den is /den/ — everything else in the two words is identical, so that single contrast carries the whole meaning. Same tongue tip on the same ridge: T releases with a puff and no voice, D keeps the hum going straight into the vowel.

Why do I say "ten" and "den" the same way?

German, Russian and Turkish devoice a final consonant, so 'bad' ends like 'bat'. Spanish, French and Italian have an unaspirated dental t, so an initial T can be heard as D. Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean have no voiced stops, so the contrast has to be rebuilt on the hum.

Should I train my ear or my mouth first?

Your ear. If you cannot reliably hear which word was said, your mouth has no target to aim at, and drilling produces a sound you cannot check. Run the listening test on this page until you are scoring four or five out of five, then record the pair.

Practise this word

Say "ten" and "den" and see which one you said

One take covers both words: reference mode aligns each sound against its target, so the contrast comes back scored on both sides. Free, private, in your browser.