The 44 sounds of English

How to pronounce the Hard G sound /ɡ/

/ɡ/ is a voiced consonant made at soft palate (velar). Raise the back of the tongue to the soft palate, as for K. Turn the voice on behind the seal — you should feel a low hum.

  • Free
  • No card
  • Scored in your browser
Articulation

How to make it

  1. 1Raise the back of the tongue to the soft palate, as for K.
  2. 2Turn the voice on behind the seal — you should feel a low hum.
  3. 3Drop the back of the tongue and run straight into the vowel.
  4. 4No puff of air: a breathy release turns it back into K.
In the mouth
Lips
Neutral.
Tongue
Back sealed against the soft palate, then dropped.
Jaw
Slightly open.
Tongue and lips

Feel it

Put a hand flat on your throat and say the sound. It should buzz under your fingers from the very start — if the buzz only arrives with the vowel, you are making the voiceless version.
In real words

Where the sound appears

At the start
In the middle
At the end
In a sentence

Keeping it through a whole line

  • The big grey dog got a green bag from the garden.

  • Give Greg a good reason to go again.

Hear the difference

Minimal pairs to drill

Each of these is two words separated by exactly one sound. If a listener hears the wrong one, the problem is the contrast, not the effort.

Transfer

If your first language is…

Nothing here is about ability. Every one of these is a sound system doing exactly what it was built to do, applied to a language that asks for something else.

  • HindiUrdu

    Hindi and Urdu have an aspirated gh as well, so English G can arrive with extra breath it does not want.

  • Mandarin

    Mandarin has no voiced stops and no final consonants beyond n and ng, so both the hum and the final G need building.

  • Cantonese

    Cantonese has no voiced stops, so G is produced as an unaspirated K and the throat hum is the missing piece.

  • Vietnamese

    Vietnamese g between vowels is a soft throat friction rather than a full stop, which thins out 'bigger'.

  • Thai

    Thai has no voiced velar stop, so G is commonly replaced by K in 'go' and 'good'.

  • Spanish

    Between vowels Spanish g softens to a light throat friction, so 'again' can lose its hard G; keep full contact.

  • German

    German devoices final consonants, so 'bag' becomes 'back' and 'dog' becomes 'dock'.

  • Russian

    Russian devoices word-final consonants as well, which costs the G at the end of 'big'.

  • Arabic

    Egyptian Arabic uses g where other varieties use j, while several other varieties have no g at all, so the sound's availability depends on the variety.

  • Turkish

    Turkish devoices final stops, and its own soft g is silent, so a final English G is easy to lose entirely.

Questions

Straight answers

Is /ɡ/ voiced or voiceless?

It is voiced. Put a hand on your throat and say it: you should feel a buzz the whole time. Every English vowel is voiced too, so the buzz never stops between this sound and the vowel next to it.

What words start with the Hard G sound?

Common ones include go, game, good. In the middle of a word you get again, bigger, forget, and at the end bag, dog, big. Every one of those links to its own pronunciation page here.

How is /ɡ/ spelled in English?

It is written "g", "gg", "gu", "gh". English spelling and English sound came apart centuries ago, so the same sound turns up under several spellings and the same spelling carries several sounds — which is why the sound, not the letter, is the thing to learn.

Why do Hindi & Urdu speakers find /ɡ/ hard?

Hindi and Urdu have an aspirated gh as well, so English G can arrive with extra breath it does not want.

Practise this word

Record the Hard G sound and see if it landed

sayit lines up every sound you made against the sound you meant, in IPA, and marks the ones a listener would miss. Free, private, in your browser.