The 44 sounds of English

How to pronounce the K sound /k/

/k/ is a voiceless consonant made at soft palate (velar). Raise the back of your tongue until it touches the soft part of the roof of your mouth. Hold the air behind that seal for a moment.

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Articulation

How to make it

  1. 1Raise the back of your tongue until it touches the soft part of the roof of your mouth.
  2. 2Hold the air behind that seal for a moment.
  3. 3Release the back of the tongue so the air bursts out.
  4. 4Keep the voice off — at the start of a stressed word you should hear a clear puff.
In the mouth
Lips
Neutral — they take the shape of the next vowel.
Tongue
Back rises and seals against the soft roof of the mouth.
Jaw
Slightly open.
Tongue and lips

Feel it

Put a hand flat on your throat and say the sound. You should feel nothing at all until the vowel begins — any buzz means you have switched the voice on too early and made the voiced partner instead.
In real words

Where the sound appears

At the start
In the middle
At the end
In a sentence

Keeping it through a whole line

  • Kate keeps the black key in a cracked cup.

  • We can walk back to the market and pick up a cake.

Hear the difference

Minimal pairs to drill

Each of these is two words separated by exactly one sound. If a listener hears the wrong one, the problem is the contrast, not the effort.

Transfer

If your first language is…

Nothing here is about ability. Every one of these is a sound system doing exactly what it was built to do, applied to a language that asks for something else.

  • HindiUrdu

    Hindi and Urdu have unaspirated k as the default, so English 'cat' can sound like 'gat'; word-initial English K needs the puff.

  • Mandarin

    Mandarin allows no final k, so the sound is usually dropped or followed by a small vowel in 'black'.

  • Japanese

    Japanese has no final consonants, so 'book' tends to gain a short u at the end.

  • Korean

    Korean final stops are unreleased, so 'make' can end silently where English wants an audible release.

  • Vietnamese

    Vietnamese final k is unreleased and often merges with a rounding gesture, so 'book' can be hard to catch.

  • Thai

    Thai has k and kʰ, so the start is easy, but a final k is unreleased and English listeners expect to hear it end.

  • Spanish

    Spanish k is unaspirated, so 'come' and 'gum' can blur; the fix is the puff of air, not a stronger tongue.

  • French

    French k is unaspirated too, and French has no aspiration anywhere, so the puff has to be added consciously.

  • Italian

    Italian k is unaspirated and Italian words end in vowels, so both the puff and the clean final K need practice.

  • Arabic

    Arabic has both k and a deeper uvular q, and the deeper one can colour English K, giving 'come' a throaty start.

Questions

Straight answers

Is /k/ voiced or voiceless?

It is voiceless. Put a hand on your throat: you should feel nothing until the vowel after it starts. That is the only difference between it and its partner sound, which is made in exactly the same place.

What words start with the K sound?

Common ones include cat, key, come. In the middle of a word you get become, market, ticket, and at the end book, make, black. Every one of those links to its own pronunciation page here.

How is /k/ spelled in English?

It is written "c", "k", "ck", "ch", "q", "cc", "que". English spelling and English sound came apart centuries ago, so the same sound turns up under several spellings and the same spelling carries several sounds — which is why the sound, not the letter, is the thing to learn.

Why do Hindi & Urdu speakers find /k/ hard?

Hindi and Urdu have unaspirated k as the default, so English 'cat' can sound like 'gat'; word-initial English K needs the puff.

Practise this word

Record the K sound and see if it landed

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