The 44 sounds of English

How to pronounce the Long I sound /aɪ/

/aɪ/ is a diphthong — a vowel that glides, moving low to high front (glide). Open your jaw wide and start on an 'ah'. Glide the tongue up and forward toward the 'ee' of 'see'.

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Articulation

How to make it

  1. 1Open your jaw wide and start on an 'ah'.
  2. 2Glide the tongue up and forward toward the 'ee' of 'see'.
  3. 3Spend most of the time on the first half — the glide is quick at the end.
  4. 4Do not shorten it to a plain 'ah': 'like' would become 'lock'.
In the mouth
Lips
Start open and unrounded, then spread.
Tongue
Starts low and central, glides up to the front.
Jaw
Starts wide open, closes as the glide finishes.
Tongue and lips

Feel it

Put a hand flat on your throat and say the sound. It should buzz under your fingers from the very start — if the buzz only arrives with the vowel, you are making the voiceless version.
In real words

Where the sound appears

At the start
In the middle
At the end
In a sentence

Keeping it through a whole line

  • I like driving by the wide white island at night.

  • Why did she buy five kites in July?

Hear the difference

Minimal pairs to drill

Each of these is two words separated by exactly one sound. If a listener hears the wrong one, the problem is the contrast, not the effort.

Transfer

If your first language is…

Nothing here is about ability. Every one of these is a sound system doing exactly what it was built to do, applied to a language that asks for something else.

  • HindiUrdu

    Hindi and Urdu have an ai vowel, so it transfers reasonably; the English version starts lower and glides further.

  • Mandarin

    Mandarin has an ai diphthong very close to this one, so it transfers well.

  • Japanese

    Japanese has an a plus i sequence, so the sound is available, though the two halves can sound like separate syllables.

  • Korean

    Korean has an ai glide, so it transfers reasonably well.

  • Vietnamese

    Vietnamese has an ai diphthong, so it transfers well.

  • Spanish

    Spanish has an ai sequence, so this diphthong transfers well; the halves can sound too equal, where English leans on the first.

  • French

    French has no aɪ diphthong, so 'my' can come out as a steady a plus a separate i.

  • German

    German has this diphthong in 'mein', so it transfers well.

  • Italian

    Italian has an ai sequence, so it transfers, though Italian gives both halves full value.

  • Russian

    Russian has an a plus y sequence, so the glide is available; English holds the first half longer.

  • Arabic

    Arabic has an ay sequence in many varieties, so it transfers reasonably; the starting point is often higher than English.

  • Turkish

    Turkish has no true diphthongs, so the glide is produced as two separate vowels.

Questions

Straight answers

Is /aɪ/ voiced or voiceless?

It is voiced. Put a hand on your throat and say it: you should feel a buzz the whole time. All English vowels are voiced, so the question only really separates the consonants.

What words start with the Long I sound?

Common ones include ice, island, idea. In the middle of a word you get time, night, wide, and at the end my, buy, why. Every one of those links to its own pronunciation page here.

How is /aɪ/ spelled in English?

It is written "i_e", "igh", "y", "ie", "ei", "uy". English spelling and English sound came apart centuries ago, so the same sound turns up under several spellings and the same spelling carries several sounds — which is why the sound, not the letter, is the thing to learn.

Why do Hindi & Urdu speakers find /aɪ/ hard?

Hindi and Urdu have an ai vowel, so it transfers reasonably; the English version starts lower and glides further.

Practise this word

Record the Long I sound and see if it landed

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