The 44 sounds of English

How to pronounce the Long O sound /oʊ/

/oʊ/ is a diphthong — a vowel that glides, moving back, mid to high (glide). Start on a mid 'oh' with the lips loosely rounded. Glide the tongue up and back toward the 'oo' of 'food'.

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Articulation

How to make it

  1. 1Start on a mid 'oh' with the lips loosely rounded.
  2. 2Glide the tongue up and back toward the 'oo' of 'food'.
  3. 3Tighten the lip ring as you move — the rounding increases through the sound.
  4. 4Never flatten it to a single 'aw': 'boat' would become 'bought'.
In the mouth
Lips
Start loosely rounded, then tighten into a ring.
Tongue
Starts back and mid, glides up and back.
Jaw
Starts half open, closes through the glide.
Tongue and lips

Feel it

Put a hand flat on your throat and say the sound. It should buzz under your fingers from the very start — if the buzz only arrives with the vowel, you are making the voiceless version.
In real words

Where the sound appears

At the start
In the middle
At the end
In a sentence

Keeping it through a whole line

  • I know the old boat goes slowly over the ocean.

  • Open the window at home before you go.

Hear the difference

Minimal pairs to drill

Each of these is two words separated by exactly one sound. If a listener hears the wrong one, the problem is the contrast, not the effort.

Transfer

If your first language is…

Nothing here is about ability. Every one of these is a sound system doing exactly what it was built to do, applied to a language that asks for something else.

  • HindiUrdu

    Hindi and Urdu have a steady long o, so English 'go' often arrives without the closing glide.

  • Mandarin

    Mandarin has an ou diphthong close to this one, so it transfers well.

  • Japanese

    Japanese long o is steady, so 'slowly' loses both glides.

  • Korean

    Korean o is steady, so the glide has to be added.

  • Vietnamese

    Vietnamese has a close back rounded vowel with a slight glide, so this transfers reasonably well.

  • Spanish

    Spanish o is a single steady vowel, so 'boat' loses its glide and can sound like 'bought'.

  • French

    French o is steady too, so 'home' can sound flat.

  • German

    German long o is steady, so the English glide is usually missing.

  • Italian

    Italian o stays steady, so the glide has to be added.

  • Russian

    Russian o is steady when stressed and reduces when not, so English 'window' can lose its second vowel.

  • Arabic

    Arabic has an aw sequence in many varieties but no oʊ, so the English glide is usually flattened.

  • Turkish

    Turkish o is steady, so 'open' loses the glide.

Questions

Straight answers

Is /oʊ/ voiced or voiceless?

It is voiced. Put a hand on your throat and say it: you should feel a buzz the whole time. All English vowels are voiced, so the question only really separates the consonants.

What words start with the Long O sound?

Common ones include open, over, only. In the middle of a word you get home, boat, slowly, and at the end go, know, window. Every one of those links to its own pronunciation page here.

How is /oʊ/ spelled in English?

It is written "o_e", "oa", "ow", "o", "oe", "ough". English spelling and English sound came apart centuries ago, so the same sound turns up under several spellings and the same spelling carries several sounds — which is why the sound, not the letter, is the thing to learn.

Why do Hindi & Urdu speakers find /oʊ/ hard?

Hindi and Urdu have a steady long o, so English 'go' often arrives without the closing glide.

Practise this word

Record the Long O sound and see if it landed

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