The 44 sounds of English

How to pronounce the N sound /n/

/n/ is a voiced consonant made at ridge behind the teeth (alveolar). Put the tongue tip on the ridge behind your top teeth and seal the sides. Turn the voice on and send the sound out through your nose.

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Articulation

How to make it

  1. 1Put the tongue tip on the ridge behind your top teeth and seal the sides.
  2. 2Turn the voice on and send the sound out through your nose.
  3. 3Keep the tip in place — if it drops, the N turns into a vowel.
  4. 4Release the tip only when you move to the next sound.
In the mouth
Lips
Open and relaxed.
Tongue
Tip pressed on the ridge behind the top teeth, sides sealed.
Jaw
Slightly open.
Tongue and lips

Feel it

Put a hand flat on your throat and say the sound. It should buzz under your fingers from the very start — if the buzz only arrives with the vowel, you are making the voiceless version.
In real words

Where the sound appears

At the start
In the middle
At the end
In a sentence

Keeping it through a whole line

  • Nine new names were written down on Monday night.

  • No one finished dinner in the green kitchen.

Hear the difference

Minimal pairs to drill

Each of these is two words separated by exactly one sound. If a listener hears the wrong one, the problem is the contrast, not the effort.

Transfer

If your first language is…

Nothing here is about ability. Every one of these is a sound system doing exactly what it was built to do, applied to a language that asks for something else.

  • HindiUrdu

    Hindi and Urdu have retroflex and dental n as well, so English N can land too far back or too far forward.

  • Tamil

    Tamil has dental, alveolar and retroflex n, so choosing the alveolar one for English is a matter of aim, not of ability.

  • Malayalam

    Malayalam has several n sounds at different places, so the English alveolar one has to be picked out of the set.

  • Mandarin

    Mandarin has both n and ng at the end of a syllable, but many speakers merge them, so 'sun' and 'sung' blur.

  • Cantonese

    In modern Hong Kong Cantonese a word-initial n commonly becomes l, so 'night' can begin like 'light'.

  • Japanese

    Japanese has a single syllable-final nasal that takes its shape from the next sound, so a final N can drift toward ng or a nasal vowel.

  • Korean

    Korean n becomes l next to l, and a word-initial n before i is often dropped, so 'near' can lose its start.

  • Vietnamese

    Vietnamese final n is unreleased and in southern varieties can merge with ng, so 'then' and 'theng' blur.

  • Thai

    Thai has final n, so it is available, though it is unreleased and l at the end of a syllable also becomes n.

  • Spanish

    Spanish n takes the place of the next consonant, so 'in Britain' can come out with an m, and a final n before k becomes ng.

  • Portuguese

    Portuguese does the same — a final n nasalises the vowel — so 'green' can end without a tongue contact.

  • French

    A French n at the end of a syllable nasalises the vowel instead of touching the ridge, so 'then' can lose its N.

Questions

Straight answers

Is /n/ voiced or voiceless?

It is voiced. Put a hand on your throat and say it: you should feel a buzz the whole time. Every English vowel is voiced too, so the buzz never stops between this sound and the vowel next to it.

What words start with the N sound?

Common ones include no, night, name. In the middle of a word you get dinner, many, finish, and at the end sun, then, green. Every one of those links to its own pronunciation page here.

How is /n/ spelled in English?

It is written "n", "nn", "kn", "gn", "pn". English spelling and English sound came apart centuries ago, so the same sound turns up under several spellings and the same spelling carries several sounds — which is why the sound, not the letter, is the thing to learn.

Why do Hindi & Urdu speakers find /n/ hard?

Hindi and Urdu have retroflex and dental n as well, so English N can land too far back or too far forward.

Practise this word

Record the N sound and see if it landed

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